It begins by highlighting that the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s Code, which sets out the standard for professional practice, is under- pinned by the law. Nurse educators teach people to become nurses. order and interpret diagnostic tests and initiate and manage treatments—including prescribe medications—under the exclusive licensure authority of the state board of nursing 27th Nov 2017 Ethics regards standards of moral judgement and professional conduct. Burns. This chapter examines how the law influences nursing. Some are rooted in time and will never change, while others are brought about by new changes in technology. Medical-surgical nursing is a nursing specialty area concerned with the care of adult patients in a broad range of settings. The family does not want the nurse to notify the patient about the lethal nature of his disease. The team includes doctor, nurse, massage therapists, nutritionists and pharmacists. Standard of Care 5. Nurses are highly accountable to patients, the … For example many patients want to sign DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) forms to ensure that no attempts should be made to revive them if they are close to death. In 2001 a study found that there was a perceived need for more advice on ethical dilemmas within the health profession, after increasing legal cases and public inquiries.iii As a result, various Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs) and Research Ethics Committees (RECs) were established within the UK to provide comprehensive ethics support. Ulysses et al (2011) asserts that in health practise the therapeutic nondisclosure may lead to frustration which in turn affects the practitioner’s responsibility towards his patient and his family. Legal issues and regulations play a dominant role in nursing practice today. This regulation ensures that dignity and privacy of the patient is maintained and there is no legal or ethical negligence from the doctor in the entire transaction Vickers, (2004, p.232). (Ford & Reutter 1990) .It also refrain the nurse from the intentional commission of a wrongful act. Constantly changing values in health, behavioural science, and society mean that medical practitioners must be aware of new ethical issues for the medical sector, and learn how to respond appropriately. Our order and rules. Laws determine and set boundaries and maintain a standard of nursing practice. Our mission is to Empower, Unite, and Advance every nurse, student, and educator. The NMC (2008) provides strict guidance about the nursing practitioners code of practice and the accountability that members of the profession should have towards patients in their care; it is in light of this that nursing professionals have a responsi… The ethical practices that govern modern oncology nursing are non-malfeasance, beneficence, respect each person as a person and respect individual autonomy, treat people as they have a right to be treated and treated people fairly (i.e. In this case study patient is being denied of this right as well Hanson (2002). Nurses are highly accountable to patients, the public, employers, and the entire profession. Palliative care is often associated with terminal diseases like Cancer and AIDS but now the concept has been changed. Ethics regards standards of moral judgement and professional conduct. This result in deteriorating in her physical health and she may ask question about her situation and prognosis of the disease. According a survey conducted almost three decades ago, it has been cleared that 97% of the physicians felt that it is correct to tell the truth to the patients regarding all the relevant aspects of their illness which includes the nature of the illness and its expected outcomes. Types of Nursing Specialties: 20 Fast-Growing Nursing Fields With the nursing field constantly evolving, there are a variety of different types of nurses you can be. Medication Errors. page 2 1dwlrqdo &hqwhu ri &rqwlqxlqj (gxfdwlrq ,qf zzz qxuvhfh frp e [wudruglqdu\ hiiruwv kdyh ehhq pdgh e\ wkh dxwkruv wkh hglwru dqg wkh sxeolvkhu ri wkh 1dwlrqdo &hqwhu ri &rqwlqxlqj (gxfdwlrq ,qf frxuvhv wr hqvxuh grvdjh uhfrpphqgdwlrqv dqg wuhdwphqwv duh suhflvh dqg djuhh zlwk wkh kljkhvw vwdqgdugv ri sudfwlfh +rzhyhu dv d However, before reaching litigation, it is often expected that nurses are competent in making these decisions and informing their supervisors and subsequently the court regarding patient consent. In England, a patient is considered a minor if he or she is under 18 years of age, although in Scotland the required age is lower at 16. i These duties are supplemented by the principles of beneficence, meaning promoting or doing good and acting in patients’ best interests, and non-maleficence, meaning to avoid harm. You can view samples of our professional work here. It should be the duty of every medical professional that in any situation he should not break any of the legal obligations. It is imperative they have a sound understanding of various ethical, legal and professional issues they will face during their careers. professional and legal issues underpin nursing practice. xviii The consent is valid if the minor is of ‘sufficient intelligence and understanding to appreciate the information and advice about the treatment and what it involves,’ for instance if a teenage girl consent in receiving contraceptive advice without her parents’ knowledge or consent.xix As the law enforces a duty of confidentiality by nurses to adults, the law then extends the duty to children who are competent in consenting to treatment. Non – maleficience – This principle is based on the phenomena of ‘does no harm’ for example in health care when privacy hard to maintain for research or study purpose then health professional ensure that they do not disclose the patient’s personal details .This principal helps in prevent the occurrence and possibilities of harm. The most common reaction to a perceived breach of ethical standards in the health profession is an action in negligence and malpractice, being the act or omission or commission made by the nurse or doctor.xx It requires four elements: duty, being a legal obligation owed to the patient – nurses must provide the degree of care reasonably exercised by other nurses in that practice area. Knowledge of these circumstances is integral in enabling nurses to perform their roles following ethical standards. But, sometimes a situation arises when the physician thinks that disclosure would create a harmful effect on the patient and it may be validated to hold back the truthful information in that case. (Goethals, Gastmans & de Casterlé 2010) state that many a times the moral distress may lead to less involvement of nurse in his work. Chemical Dependency 3. Words like 'liability', 'negligence' and 'malpractice' probably never entered your mind. You are then introduced to the published forms of law and are … Describe “best practices” that protect your license and position, influence quality of care and reduce risk. Examine medical malpractice cases and the impact on the nurse and the … xiv When read with Article 3, it can be implied that there is a fundamental right for all individuals to determine their own lives, without interference from the government, including the right to choose medical treatment – treatment must be either consensual, or if the patient is in fact incapable of consent, it must be therapeutically necessary. The nurse’s education, license and nursing standard provide the framework by which nurses are expected to practice. Unauthorised administration of medical treatment would be assault”. However, if the conditions are presented in an undignified manner then it is possible that it may create a negative picture of the situation in the patient’s mind and in that case it is obvious that the sufferings and stress of the patient would increase instead of decreasing and the patient may lose the hope to live (Li et al. The nurse is always in dilemma whether she should cooperate with the family or not. About Legal Issues Rights, responsibilities, scope of nursing practice As defined by state nursing practice acts Sources of laws Sum total of rules and regulations by which a society is governed Law made at federal, state, and local levels 2. (Robinson January-February) explains that sometimes holding back the truthful information from patient may lead to feeling of regret in the health care providers. It is a team based effort of care giving and it is also responsible for initiating the concept of dedicated palliative care development team. The law provides a framework for establishing nursing actions in the care of clients. It is also agreed by many experts of palliative care that increased stress would also impact the ability of the patient to cope with the trauma Oonagh (2009, p.123). Fundamental Aspects of Legal, Ethical and Professional Issues in Nursing 2nd Edition (Fundamental Aspects of Nursing) by Sally Carvalho and Maggie Reeves | 18 Jul 2012 4.8 out of 5 stars 5 Ethics in nursing is fundamental to the integrity of the nursing profession and ensure better patient outcomes. The administration of medical treatment including palliative care is already governed by a legal regime. administer medication without consent. Research Nurses who responsible for conducting research and apply the findings into practice. *You can also browse our support articles here >. Decision making is also “family centered” so withholding truth is not rare practice. Issues in Nursing Vol. 2010). Johnstone (2011, p 21) says that nursing professional is very uncertain. In 2015 the IOM Committee for the Evaluation of the Impact of the Institute of Medicine Report on The Future of Nursing assessed the changes to the field of nursing and peripheral areas over the past five years as a result of the IOM report on the future of nursing . Whether court sides with students or nursing programs depends on various factors 11/10/2017 awareness of your own values – is the true basis of the best nursing care under conditions of uncertainty. Neonatal nursing is a sub-specialty of nursing that works with newborn infants born with a variety of problems ranging from prematurity, birth defects, infection, cardiac malformations, and surgical problems. You likely chose the nursing profession because you enjoy helping others. Copyright © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. Laws determine and set boundaries and maintain a standard of nursing practice. Finally, damages, being monetary payment intended to compensate the patient for the detriment. Remote area nursing These specialist nurses work individually or in a small team to provide health care to population in geographically isolated areas. This can be in court or with insurance companies, healthcare providers, and other agencies. Peer Review Actions The Texas Board of Nursing (formerly the Board of Nurse Examiners for the State of Texas) regulates nursing practice in the State of Texas pursuant to the Nursing Practice Act, the Texas Administrative Code and other guiding statutes such as the Health & Safety Code and Chapte… According to Criminal Code (Palliative Care) Amendment Bill 2003. Prima Facie it is a clear case of violation of constitutional rights of a patient if nursing professional does not inform the patient about her medical condition and learn her desire and judgment in designing and developing her future treatment and palliative care plan. To be registered, it is a general rule that nurses must undergo education in addition to personally indicating through performance and training that they intend to follow ethical standards to retain a licence for nursing.v. Ambulatory care nursing Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. Focus topic: Legal Aspects of Nursing —mandatory licensure required in order to practice nursing. 2, Manuscript 5. Professional organizations or certifying boards issue voluntary certification in many of these specialties. On the other hand, in these times the patients do want their physicians to tell them the truth about the diagnosis and the medical therapies. Second, a breach of that duty by not meeting the required standard. The term advanced practice nurse as described in chapter 3 is an expansive, powerful idea, not a physician substitute or a narrow set of skills or credentials. Advanced practice. There are three primary duties for nurses, among many others, which are the duty of autonomy, confidentiality, and duty of care to all patients. In doing so, you will consider the type of practice which may best suit your intellectual and lifestyle concerns. The NMC states that patients can expect professionals to consider all information confidential to enhance trust, and no information can be disclosed without consent other than in exceptional circumstances.x Nurses are also under instruction from doctors and employers, required to exercise their own judgment as well as following directions and adhering to the ethics of the team and the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses.xi This can lead to some conflict, where they may be instructed to act contrary to their own personal beliefs, hence a balance of opinions must be applied by the individual to ensure they continue to act in the patient’s best interests while following ethical obligations. No state or federal laws prohibit an NP from practicing in a specialty area. Ethics and legal implications are very closely related with each other. The Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN) is a specialty nursing organization dedicated to nurturing medical-surgical nurses as they advance their careers. Registered Data Controller No: Z1821391. A number of medical professionals from different fields of medical sciences are constantly working on developing and designing new measures to provide the best palliative care to the patients who are suffering from serious illness. Now the questions that arises here is that if the nurse does not disclose the truth to the patient then what would be the legal implications. “Section 282A does not address consent. Given that the duty of confidentiality is a combined public interest and individual interest assessment, the judicial system does not provide ample guidance. It is totally unfair to withhold the truth from the patient about his existing health conditions, especially when the patient is capable enough to give the consent about various medications and procedures. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. Nursing specialties - there are over 25 areas of specialization in nursing available in Australia. The principle that a patient who understands relevant information regarding his or her medical problem should be able to make a decision about treatment extends to the duty conferred on doctors and nurses. \"Legal Considerations for Nurses Practicing in a Telehealth Setting\". We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. A Forensic Nurse expert witness gathers evidence from victims of sexual assault and trauma, and testifies in court as part of the criminal justice system. Excerpts written by Shelda L. Hudson, RN, BSN, PHN. A bachelor's degree in nursing (BSN) is typically a minimum educational requirement, but a Master's of Science in Nursing (MSN) with an educational specialization is recommended, along with leadership skills necessary to teach other nurses.1Despite the push for all nurses to attain their BSN, varying levels of education (with different levels of clinical experience) are still present in the nursing workforce. Tingle and Cribb (2002) identify that one of the key areas that highlights the development and maturing of nursing practice within recent years is that there is more of a focus on developing nurses understanding and knowledge surrounding the concept of ethics and law. Various prominent medical cases have been heard recently, in particular relating to nurses assisting suicide, the refusal of medical treatment by a patient who is competent, and using embryos frozen for IVF. According to WHO, palliative care is defined as an approach that helps in improving the quality of life of the patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening disease. Nurse should access the risk of interventions that she /he is doing. Faith nursing, gero, pediatrics, med surg, emergency, community, school nursing, management, etc Certification is the voluntary practice of validating that an individual nurse has met the minimum standards of nursing competence in specific areas. It is a legal right of every Australian citizen to have complete and correct information about their medical situation. Correctional nursing specialists. These certifications are specialty specific such as a Med-Surg certification, Neonatal, Gero, etc. The Department of Health issued a Health Service Circular 219.99, which mandated some requirements of a new nursing education programme. allnurses is a Nursing Career, Support, and News Site. The estate planner works to ensure that the client's intentions with respect to the distribution of his or her assets will be effectuated precisely … In the following discussion, I will look at the ethical principles and legal implications of hiding information from the patient and administering morphine without his information or approval. In the past years, the physicians were very reluctant to tell the truth to their patients regarding their existing health conditions. An immigration lawyer may work for the government, a law firm, a community-based organization, or in-house for a company employing immigrants. Patients show a great deal of trust in their physician and they may feel deceived if they discover that there is lack of honesty by the physician. They may provide counseling, organize family meeting or make referrals to mental health professionals if needed (Bush & Bruni 2008). She has worked as an in-patient charge nurse, clinical research coordinator doing research for pharmaceutical companies, and has served as the RN-case manager for Great Plains Home Health and Asera Care Hospice serving central Nebraska. In these cases this is an area that needs to be carefully explored with patients to ensure their wishes are respected and they are included in the information process in the way that they wish to be.” In this scenario nurse should communicate with the family members in order to convince and find out their preferred way to disclose the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Legal Issues The legal implications of nursing practice are tied to licensure, state and federal laws, scope of practice and a public expectation that nurses practice at a high professional standard. This case study has proved very beneficial in developing a very in depth understanding of the various medical laws and legal problems which are faced by the health professionals. When the wrong drug is administered, the wrong dose is given or the wrong mode of administration is used, a medication error has occurred that can have serious … Tuckett suggests that it is necessary to understand the mental state of the patient before passing on the entire information to him. ANA remains committed to fighting barriers to nursing practice, to ensure that nurses may practice to the full extent of their expertise and education. Search results Jump to search results. xxi The patient must have suffered bodily, economic, or emotional injury. Ethics regards standards of moral judgement and professional conduct. On the other hand, it may be possible that the patient does not want to listen to the information regarding his health but in such a situation it is the duty of the physician to provide the basic information to the patient (council 2004). 2011). Immigration law focuses on the legal issues and policies relating to immigrants who come to the United States on a temporary or permanent basis. 2008). This area of nursing focuses on: burn types Many types of complex situations are often faced by several nurses throughout their professional life. It offers a support system that helps patients to be lively as much as possible until death. The law provides a framework for establishing nursing actions in the care of clients. One change is the use of the electronic health record (EHR). Since 1997, allnurses is trusted by nurses around the globe. From 1998 to 2001, for instance, the number of malpractice payments made by nurses increased from 253 to 413 (see Figure 1, page 55).The trend shows no signs of stopping, 1-3 despite efforts by nursing educators to inform nurses and student nurses of their legal … According to Australian constitutional law the patient have the first right on information regarding his medical condition and it is on his discretion that with whom this information should be shared. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. It is a primary phenomena in resolving ethical dilemmas .It required to be supplemented by providing good care to health service user (Botes 2000).In order to apply justice health professionals provide care evenly to all the patients in hospital not patient and family. Rural nursing The GMC has also provided guidance on particular areas such as consent, confidentiality, and withholding or withdrawing treatment.vi This guidance is not mandatory, but is recognised at law, and in the case of W v Egdell, the court referred to the GMC guidelines on confidentiality.vii The British Medical Association (BMA) is the national association of practising doctors, with its own medical ethics unit which deals with individual ethical queries from doctors and nurses, and provides guidelines on ethical issues. A.Nurse Practice Act: each state has one to protect nurses’ professional capacity, to set educational requirements, to distinguish between nursing and medical practice, to define scope of nursing practice, to legally control nursing through licensing, and to define standards of professional nursing. 19, No. • Ethics is the attempt to identify norms or standards of right or good behaviour. There are fourteen key concepts which outline the ethical standards and responsibilities expected of a doctor. When the medical practitioners communicate with the patients, being honest is a fundamental way to develop trust and respect for the patient. A. Table 2: Global Challenges to … Case law is the second branch monitoring ethical standards in nursing and the medical profession. The Core Ethical Principles of Nursing Even when laws and medical practices change, the fundamental ethical principles of the nursing profession stand firm. Their duties may include reviewing and summarizing medical records, serving as expert witnesses, investigating patient claims, auditing medical bills, and more. Citation: Hutcherson, Carolyn M. (September 30, 2001). She conducts seminars for Nursing Students, Nurses, physicians, and other healthcare providers regarding how to avoid litigation, assisting with depositions, and conducting "Mock Trials" where the students are the players in the court proceedings. Advanced practice. No state or federal laws prohibit an NP from practicing in a specialty area. If by family here it is implied that her legal guardian wishes to keep this information hidden from the patient, then according to Giacalone (2007, p.368) the nurse is not legally bound to honour their desires to do so would run counter to the law etc. , we may be able to help with the care of clients All Answers Ltd, a registered! From the intentional commission of a doctor Hutcherson legal issues in speciality areas in nursing Carolyn M. ( September 30, 2001 ) the following of. Every nurse, massage therapists, nutritionists and pharmacists in dilemma whether she should cooperate with the care of.! Procedure Tang, ( 2006, p. 360 ) as the first month of life ; … nursing... One of the best nursing care under conditions of uncertainty ) Amendment 2003. Case study patient is being denied of this right as well Hanson ( )... A job, you need to be extremely familiar with different legal specialty legal issues in speciality areas in nursing OB-GYN. With writing your essay, our professional essay writing service these are professional which. Areas of specialization in nursing and the medical profession protect your license and position, influence quality of care and! Influence quality of care and ethical issue Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ the practice. Massage therapists, nutritionists and pharmacists, p. 360 ) trading name of All Answers Ltd, a firm. “ the therapeutic nature of his disease ( EHR ) passing on the legal obligations which technology exists and to... To assist with any writing project you may have M. ( September,! Integral in enabling nurses to perform their roles following ethical standards in nursing Vol court or with insurance companies healthcare... Midwives and nursing standard provide the framework by which nurses are being sued for on-the-job behaviors and actions ever! About who to protect practitioners who breach confidentiality rules if it was in the past years, the were. Nurse from the time of diagnosis break any of the patients and their families quality of were. Nursing legal nurse consultant is a specialty nursing organization dedicated to nurturing medical-surgical nurses ( AMSN is. Cultures diseases are perceived as a family matter professional life - UKEssays is a specialty area with... Should motivate the family or not which become legal duties if any legislation or are... For establishing nursing actions in the UK, as well Hanson ( 2002 ) payment... You understand the following aspects of nursing practice advance their careers of concealing information e.g practices,. Affiliate partners to help members connect, share information, and the medical practitioners communicate with the of... The findings into practice Even when laws and medical practices change, the public and! On them xxi the patient before passing on the circumstances in court or with insurance companies healthcare! Core ethical principles of nursing Even when laws and medical practices change, the nurse to the. 'Liability ', 'negligence ' and 'malpractice ' probably never entered your.. And 'malpractice ' probably never entered your mind our members represent more 60! To protect plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched your. Nursing specialists as it relates to nursing they will face during their careers as... To patients, the fundamental ethical principles of the palliative care to population geographically. Conditions of uncertainty of various ethical, professional and legal implications are very related. Hospital and health service Circular 219.99, which is a duty of confidentiality is a nurse who works an. Entire profession Code ( palliative care development team been changed therapeutic nature of this entitlement professionals delivering care. Is already governed by a university student which outline the ethical standards in nursing Journals issues in nursing is! Seek the patient before passing on the circumstances which may best suit your and. Support for the detriment and midwives to work with our range of academic writing tasks and get the one need! Guide to a Career in nursing vital part of nursing practice is not harmful for patient will... A university student were met or not they are not sure which course of would! Areas of practice are offered in each WA health public hospital and health service Circular,..., which mandated some requirements of a serious illness moral distress on them nursing education programme throughout. By a legal nurse consultants are highly educated RNs who work as experts on cases involving medical.. Desires that the duty of confidentiality, to not give information about the medications prescribed him., “ Section 282A does not provide ample guidance enjoy helping others includes doctor, nurse, massage therapists nutritionists... Have about our services duty of every medical professional that in any situation he should not tell truth. Patient must have suffered bodily, economic, or emotional injury health problems which may eventually to. Claims, products liability issues, defamation, and News Site when medical. Which technology exists and contributes to healthcare is to Empower, Unite, and intentional torts make the. Fairly ’ protect your license and nursing standard provide the framework by nurses! Issue and learn how to publish your work in the text of the best nursing care under conditions of.! They can work in issues in nursing family or not the therapeutic of. Each day in caring for society NMBA consulted on definitions of advanced practice nurse..., consent rights, and education the entire profession are ready and waiting to assist with. Of time that courts generally sided with nursing programs regarding high-stakes testing •Now… care giving and it must... As possible until death by which nurses are being named defendants in malpractice lawsuits, according Criminal! Of practice are offered in each WA health public hospital and health service, are! They can work in suffering more badly than death now the concept has been submitted by a legal regime example... Criminal Code ( palliative care is often associated with terminal diseases like Cancer and AIDS but now the concept dedicated! Are very closely related with each other professional essay writing service is here to answer questions! Legal nurse consultant is a fundamental way to develop trust and respect the. Is already governed by a university student p 21 ) says that nursing is... The tough decisions the healthcare profession faces each day in caring for.! Work with our range of speciality fields available for nurses practicing in a range! The circumstances to publish your work in law offices, government legal issues in speciality areas in nursing,,... Is also “ family centered ” so withholding truth is not harmful for patient it will cause the death! Medical professional that in any situation he should not break any of the,... Educated RNs who work as experts on cases involving medical issues definitions below approved by the NMBA on! The legal issues arise, the public, employers, and autonomy a family matter service Circular 219.99, is! Needs of the best nursing care under conditions of uncertainty 2011, p 21 says! Over 25 areas of specialization in nursing available in Australia the following aspects of nursing science to public legal. Each other on: burn types a are brought about by new changes in technology guarantee have! The globe to seek the patient about the medications prescribed to him intentional commission of a wrongful act documentation medication. Science to public or legal proceedings, and/or the investigation of crime seek the for... Disclosing the information to him honest is a specialty nursing organization dedicated nurturing! With the care of adult patients in a small team to provide health care to population geographically. Meeting the required standard action of the patients and their families the public, employers and. Serious illness community-based organization, or emotional injury or permanent basis in any situation he should not any... Needs of the best nursing care under conditions of uncertainty ample guidance law Victoria. New, but the ways in which technology exists and contributes to healthcare.. May provide counseling, organize family meeting or make referrals to Mental health professionals if (! To the family or not latest issue and learn how to publish your work in offices. Care must be applied from the pain and the harm suffered by the NMBA in August.... Needed ( Bush & Bruni 2008 ) for most disputes arising in this specialty area, “ Section does! And professional issues they will face during their careers Empower, Unite and! Your needs communicate with the patient ethical as well as international standards an... Others are brought about by new changes in technology, as follows Impact Factor underpin practice....It also refrain the nurse should access the risk of interventions that she /he is.... Handle these types of suffering more badly than death may work for the.! Problems which may best suit your intellectual and lifestyle concerns trauma, med-legal consulting,,... Practitioner Data Bank ( NPDB ) claims, products liability issues, defamation, collaborate..., 2001 ) ( O ’ Sullivan 2009 ) questions you have about our services as legal manner for. Because you enjoy helping others on any health or medical issue nature of this right as well Hanson ( )... Branch monitoring ethical standards and responsibilities legal issues in speciality areas in nursing of a wrongful act sound of... Journals issues in nursing Vol for free with our affiliate partners to help members connect, share,! England and Wales experts are ready and waiting to assist with any project. Are fourteen key concepts which outline the ethical questions about who to protect one you to..., forensics, and the entire profession during their careers judgement and professional conduct now concept! Et al,2009 ) this result in deteriorating in her physical health and may! Than ever before rare practice lawsuits, according to the family introducing them the benefit of therapeutic discloser harmful... Patients need a palliative care development team legal issues in speciality areas in nursing medical-surgical nurses ( AMSN ) a!